Ðû²¼Ê±¼ä£º2021-12-30µã»÷£º4583
Ò»¡¢îѺϽðµÄÈÈ´¦ÀíÌصã
£¨1£©ÂíÊÏÌåÏà±ä²»»áʹîѺϽðµÄÐÔÄܱ¬·¢ÏÔÖø±ä¸ï¡£Õâ¸öÌصãÓë¸ÖµÄÂí ÊÏ ÌåÏà±ä²î±ð£¬îѺϽðµÄÈÈ´¦ÀíÇ¿»¯Ö»ÄÜÒÀÀµ´ã»ðÐγɵÄÑÇÎÈÏà(°üÀ¨ÂíÊÏÌåÏà)µÄʱЧÆÊÎö£¬¿öÇÒ¹ØÓÚ´¿aÐÍîѺϽðÈÈ´¦ÀíµÄÒªÁì»ù±¾Éϲ»¿ÉÓÐЧ£¬¼´îѺϽðµÄÈÈ´¦ÀíÖ÷ÒªÓÃÓÚ¦Á+¦ÂÐÍîѺϽð¡£
£¨2£©ÈÈ´¦ÀíÓ¦¸ÃÖÆÖ¹ÐγɦØÏà¡£ÐγɦØÏà»áʹîѺϽð±ä´à£¬ÕýÈ·Ñ¡ÔñʱЧ¹¤ÒÕ(ÀýÈ磬½ÓÄɽϸߵÄʱЧζÈ)¼´¿Éʹ¦ØÏàÆÊÎö¡£
£¨3£©ÀûÓÃÖظ´Ïà±äÄÑÓÚϸ»¯îѺϽð¾§Á£¡£ÕâÒ»µãÒ²²î±ðÓÚ¸ÖÌúÖÊÁÏ£¬´ó´ó¶¼µÄ¸Ö¿ÉÒÔÀûÓðÂÊÏÌåÓëÖé¹âÌå(»òÌúËØÌå¡¢Éø̼Ìå)µÄÖظ´Ïà±ä¿ØÖÆÐÂÏàÐκËÓ볤´ó£¬µÖ´ï¾§Á£Ï¸»¯µÄÄ¿µÄ£¬¶øîѺϽðÖÐûÓÐÕâÑùµÄÏÖÏó¡£
£¨4£©µ¼ÈÈÐԲµ¼ÈÈÐÔ²î¿Éµ¼ÖÂîѺϽð£¬ÓÈÆäÊǦÁ+¦ÂîѺϽðµÄ´ã͸ÐԲ´ã»ðÈÈÓ¦Á¦´ó£¬´ã»ðʱÁã¼þÒ×ÇÌÇú¡£ÓÉÓÚµ¼ÈÈÐԲîѺϽð±äÐÎʱÒ×ÒýÆð¾Ö²¿ÎÂÉý¹ý¸ß£¬Ê¹¾Ö²¿Î¶ÈÓпÉÄÜÁè¼Ý¦Âת±äµã¶øÐγÉκÊÏ×éÖ¯¡£
£¨5£©»¯Ñ§ÐÔÉú¶¯¡£ÈÈ´¦Àíʱ£¬îѺϽðÒ×ÓëÑõºÍË®ÕôÆø·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ¹¤¼þÍâòÐγɾßÓÐÒ»¶¨Éî¶ÈµÄ¸»Ñõ²ã»òÑõ»¯Æ¤£¬Ê¹ºÏ½ðµÄÐÔÄܽµµÍ¡£Í¬Ê±îѺϽðÈÈ´¦ÀíʱÈÝÒ×ÎüÇ⣬ÒýÆðÇâ´à¡£
£¨6£©¦Âת±äµã²î±ð´ó¡£×ÝÈ»ÊÇͬһÉí·Ö£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚÒ±Á¶Â¯´ÎµÄ²î±ð£¬Æä¦Âת±äζÈÓÐʱ²î±ðºÜ´ó¡£
£¨7£©ÔÚ¦ÂÏàÇø¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬¦Â¾§Á£³¤´óÇãÏò´ó¡£¦Â¾§Á£´Ö»¯¿ÉʹºÏ½ðËÜÐÔ¼±¾çϽµ£¬¹ÊÓ¦Ñϸñ¿ØÖƼÓÈȵÄζȺÍʱ¼ä£¬²¢É÷ÓÃÔÚ¦ÂÏàÇø¼ÓÈȵÄÈÈ´¦Àí¡£
¶þ¡¢îѺϽðµÄÈÈ´¦ÀíÀàÐÍ
îѺϽðµÄÏà±äÊÇîѺϽðÈÈ´¦ÀíµÄ»ù´¡£¬ÎªÁ˸ÄÉÆîѺϽðµÄÐÔÄÜ£¬³ý½ÓÄɺÏÀíµÄºÏ½ð»¯Í⣬»¹ÒªÅäºÏÊʵ±µÄÈÈ´¦Àí²Å»ªÊµÏÖ¡£îѺϽðµÄÈÈ´¦ÀíÖÖÀà½Ï¶à£¬³£ÓõÄÓÐÍË»ð´¦Àí¡¢Ê±Ð§´¦Àí¡¢ÐαäÈÈ´¦ÀíºÍ»¯Ñ§ÈÈ´¦ÀíµÈ¡£
1.ÍË»ð´¦Àí
ÍË»ðÊÊÓÃÓÚÖÖÖÖîѺϽð£¬ÆäÖ÷ҪĿµÄÊÇÏû³ýÓ¦Á¦£¬Ìá¸ßºÏ½ðËÜÐÔ¼°Îȶ¨×éÖ¯¡£ÍË»ðµÄÐÎʽ°üÀ¨È¥Ó¦Á¦ÍË»ð¡¢ÔٽᾧÍË»ð¡¢Ë«ÖØÍ˻𡢵ÈÎÂÍË»ðºÍÕæ¿ÕÍË»ðµÈ£¬
£¨1£©È¥Ó¦Á¦ÍË»ð¡£ÎªÁËÏû³ýÖýÔì¡¢Àä±äÐμ°º¸½ÓµÈ¹¤ÒÕÀú³ÌÖб¬·¢µÄÄÚÓ¦Á¦£¬¿É½ÓÄÉÈ¥Ó¦Á¦ÍË»ð¡£È¥Ó¦Á¦ÍË»ðµÄζÈÓ¦µÍÓÚÔٽᾧζȣ¬Ò»°ãΪ450~650¡æ£¬ËùÐèµÄʱ¼äÈ¡¾öÓÚ¹¤¼þµÄ½ØÃæ³ß´ç¡¢¼Ó¹¤ÀúÊ·¼°ËùÐèÏû³ýÓ¦Á¦µÄˮƽ¡£
£¨2£©ÆÕͨÍË»ð¡£ÆäÄ¿µÄÊÇʹîѺϽð°ëÖÆÆ·Ïû³ý»ù±¾Ó¦Á¦£¬²¢¾ßÓнϸߵÄÇ¿¶ÈºÍÇкϼ¼ÊõÌõ¼þÒªÇóµÄËÜÐÔ¡£ÍË»ðζÈÒ»°ãÓëÔٽᾧ¿ªÊ¼Î¶ÈÏ൱»òÂԵͣ¬´ËÖÖÍË»ð¹¤ÒÕÒ»°ãÒ±½ð²úÆ·³ö³§Ê±Ê¹Óã¬ËùÒÔÓÖ¿ÉÒÔ³ÆΪ¹¤³§ÍË»ð¡£
£¨3£©ÍêÈ«ÍË»ð¡£Ä¿µÄÊÇÍêÈ«Ïû³ý¼Ó¹¤Ó²»¯£¬Îȶ¨×éÖ¯ºÍÌá¸ßËÜÐÔ¡£ÕâÒ»Àú³ÌÖ÷Òª±¬·¢Ôٽᾧ£¬¹ÊÒà³ÆÔٽᾧÍË»ð¡£ÍË»ðζÈ***ºÃ½éÓÚÔٽᾧζȺÍÏà±äζÈÖ®¼ä£¬Èç¹ûÁè¼ÝÁËÏà±äζȻáÐγÉκÊÏ×éÖ¯¶øʹºÏ½ðµÄÐÔÄܶñ»¯¡£¹ØÓÚÖÖÖÖ²î±ðÖÖÀàµÄîѺϽð£¬ÍË»ðµÄÀàÐÍ¡¢Î¶ȺÍÀäÈ´·½·¨¾ù²î±ð¡£
£¨4£©Ë«ÖØÍË»ð¡£ÎªÁ˸ÄÉƺϽðµÄËÜÐÔ¡¢¶ÏÁÑÈÍÐÔºÍÎȶ¨×éÖ¯¿É½ÓÄÉË«ÖØÍË»ð¡£ÍË»ðºóµÄºÏ½ð×éÖ¯Ô½·¢¾ùÔȺͽӽüƽºâ״̬¡£ÄÍÈÈîѺϽðΪÁË°ü¹ÜÔÚ¸ßμ°ºã¾ÃÓ¦Á¦×÷ÓÃÏÂ×éÖ¯ºÍÐÔÄܵÄÎȶ¨£¬³£½ÓÄÉ´ËÀàÍË»ð¡£Ë«ÖØÍË»ðÊǶԺϽð½øÐÐÁ½´Î¼ÓÈȺͿÕÀä¡£***´Î¸ßÎÂÍË»ð¼ÓÈÈζȸßÓÚ»ò½Ó½üÔٽᾧÖÕÁËζȣ¬Ê¹Ôٽᾧ³ä·Ö½øÐУ¬ÓÖ²»Ê¹¾§Á£Ã÷ÏÔ³¤´ó£¬²¢¿ØÖÆapÏàµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊý¡£¿ÕÀäºó×éÖ¯»¹²»·óÎȶ¨£¬Ðè½øÐеڶþ´ÎµÍÎÂÍË»ð£¬ÍË»ðζȵÍÓÚÔٽᾧζȣ¬±£Î½ϳ¤Ê±¼ä£¬Ê¹¸ßÎÂÍË»ð»ñµÃµÄÑÇÎȦÂÏà³ä·ÖÆÊÎö¡£
£¨5£©µÈÎÂÍ˻𡣵ÈÎÂÍË»ð¿É»ñµÃ***ºÃµÄËÜÐÔºÍÈÈÎȶ¨ÐÔ¡£´ËÖÖÍË»ðÊÊÓÃÓÚ¦ÂÎȶ¨ÔªËغ¬Á¿½Ï¸ßµÄË«ÏàîѺϽ𡣵ÈÎÂÍË»ð½ÓÄÉ·Ö¼¶ÀäÈ´µÄ·½·¨£¬¼´¼ÓÈÈÖÁÔٽᾧζÈÒÔÉϱ£Îºó£¬Á¢¼´×ªÈëÁíÒ»½ÏµÍζȵįÖУ¨Ò»°ã600~650¡æ£©±£Î£¬´Ëºó¿ÕÀäÖÁÊÒΡ£
2.´ã»ð´¦Àí
´ã»ðʱЧÊÇîѺϽðÈÈ´¦ÀíÇ¿»¯µÄÖ÷Òª·½·¨£¬ÀûÓÃÏà±ä±¬·¢Ç¿»¯Ð§¹û£¬¹ÊÓÖ³ÆÇ¿»¯ÈÈ´¦Àí¡£îѺϽðÈÈ´¦ÀíµÄÇ¿»¯Ð§¹û¾ö¶¨ÓںϽðÔªËصÄÐÔÖÊ¡¢Å¨¶È¼°ÈÈ´¦Àí¹æ·¶£¬ÒòΪÕâЩÒòËØÓ°ÏìºÏ½ð´ã»ðËùµÃµÄÑÇÎȶ¨ÏàµÄÀàÐÍ¡¢Éí·Ö¡¢ÊýÁ¿ºÍÂþÑÜ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÑÇÎȶ¨ÏàÆÊÎöÀú³ÌÖÐÎö³öÏàµÄʵÖÊ¡¢½á¹¹¡¢ÃÖɢˮƽµÈ£¬¶øÕâЩÓÖÓëºÏ½ðµÄÉí·Ö¡¢ÈÈ´¦Àí¹¤Òչ淶ºÍÔʼ×éÖ¯Óйء£
¹ØÓÚÉí·ÖÒ»¶¨µÄºÏ½ð£¬Ê±Ð§Ç¿»¯Ð§¹ûÈ¡¾öÓÚËùÑ¡µÄÈÈ´¦Àí¹¤ÒÕ¡£´ã»ðζÈÔ½¸ß£¬Ê±Ð§Ç¿»¯Ð§¹ûÔ½Ã÷ÏÔ£¬µ«¸ßÓÚ¦Âת±äζȴã»ð£¬ÓÉÓÚ¾§Á£Ì«¹ý´Ö´ó¶øµ¼Ö´àÐÔ¡£¹ØÓÚŨ¶È½ÏµÍµÄÁ½ÏàîѺϽð¿É½ÓÄɽϸßζȴã»ð£¬ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄÂíÊÏÌ壬¶øŨ¶È½Ï¸ßµÄÁ½ÏàîѺϽðÔòÑ¡ÓýϵÍζȴã»ð£¬ÒÔ»ñµÃ½Ï¶àµÄÑÇÎȦÂÏ࣬ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ***´óµÄʱЧǿ»¯Ð§¹û¡£ÀäÈ´·½·¨Ò»°ãÑ¡ÓÃË®Àä»òÕßÓÍÀ䣬´ã»ðµÄÀú³ÌҪѸËÙ£¬ÒÔ±ÜÃâ¦ÂÏàÔÚתÒÆÀú³ÌÖб¬·¢ÆÊÎö£¬½µµÍʱЧǿ»¯Ð§¹û¡£Ê±Ð§Î¶ȺÍʱ¼äµÄÑ¡ÔñÓ¦ÒÔ»ñµÃ***ºÃµÄ×ÛºÏÐÔÄÜΪ׼Ôò£¬Ò»°ã¦Á+¦ÂÐÍîѺϽðʱЧζÈΪ500~600¡æ£¬Ê±¼ä4~12h£»¶ø¦ÂÐÍîѺϽðµÄʱЧζÈΪ450~550¡æ£¬Ê±¼ä8~24h£¬ÀäÈ´·½·¨¾ù½ÓÄÉ¿ÕÀä¡£
3.ÐαäÈÈ´¦Àí
ÐαäÈÈ´¦ÀíÊǽ«Ñ¹Á¦¼Ó¹¤£¨¶Í¡¢ÔþµÈ£©ÓëÈÈ´¦Àí¹¤ÒÕÓÐЧµØ½áºÏÆðÀ´£¬¿Éͬʱ·¢»ÓÐαäÇ¿»¯ÓëÈÈ´¦ÀíÇ¿»¯µÄ×÷Ó㬻ñµÃÓë¼òµ¥µÄÇ¿»¯ÒªÁìËù²»¿É»ñµÃµÄ×éÖ¯Óë×ÛºÏÐÔÄÜ¡£³£¼ûµÄÐαäÈÈ´¦Àí¹¤ÒÕÈçͼ2Ëùʾ¡£²î±ðÀàÐ͵ÄÐαäÈÈ´¦Àíƾ¾Ý±äÐÎζÈÓëÔٽᾧζȺÍÏàת±äζȵĹØϵ½øÐзÖÀ࣬°´±äÐÎζȷÖΪ:
£¨1£©¸ßÎÂÐαäÈÈ´¦Àí¡£¼ÓÈȵ½ÔٽᾧζÈÒÔÉÏ£¬±äÐÎ40%~85%ºóѸËÙ´ã»ð£¬ÔÙ½øÐÐͨÀýµÄʱЧÈÈ´¦Àí¡£
£¨2£©µÍÎÂÐαäÈÈ´¦Àí¡£ÔÚÔٽᾧζÈÒÔϽøÐбäÐÎ50%×óÓÒ£¬ËæºóÔÙ½øÐÐͨÀýµÄʱЧ´¦Àí¡£
£¨3£©¸´ºÏÐαäÈÈ´¦Àí¡£½«¸ßÎÂÐαäÈÈ´¦ÀíºÍµÍÎÂÐαäÈÈ´¦Àí½áºÏÆðÀ´µÄÒ»ÖÖ¹¤ÒÕ¡£
4.»¯Ñ§ÈÈ´¦Àí
îѺϽðµÄĦ²ÁϵÊý½Ï´ó£¬ÄÍÄ¥ÐÔ²î(Ò»°ã±È¸ÖÔ¼µÍ40%)£¬ÔÚ½Ó´¥ÍâòÉÏÈÝÒ×±¬·¢ð¤½á£¬ÒýÆðĦ²Á¸¯»¯¡£ÔÚÑõ»¯½éÖÊÖÐîѺϽðµÄÄ͸¯»¯ÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£¬µ«ÔÚ»¹Ô½éÖÊ(ÑÎËá¡¢ÁòËáµÈ)ÖеĿ¹¸¯»¯ÐԽϲΪÁ˸ÄÉÆÕâЩÐÔÄÜ£¬¿É½ÓÄɵç¶Æ¡¢ÅçÍ¿ºÍ»¯Ñ§ÈÈ´¦Àí(Éøµª¡¢ÉøÑõµÈ)µÈÒªÁì¡£ÉøµªºóµÄµª»¯²ãÓ²¶È±È䵪»¯Ê±±í²ã¸ß2~4±¶£¬Òò¶øÃ÷ÏÔÌá¸ßºÏ½ðµÄÄÍÄ¥ÐÔ£¬Í¬Ê±»¹¸ÄÉƺϽðÔÚ»¹ÔÐÔ½éÖÊÖеĿ¹Ê´ÐÔ£»ÉøÑõ¿É½«ºÏ½ðÄÍÊ´ÐÔÌá¸ß7~9±¶£¬µ«ºÏ½ðµÄËÜÐÔºÍÆ£ÀÍÇ¿¶È»áÓвî±ðˮƽµÄËðʧ¡£
Èý¡¢îѺϽðµÄÏÔ΢×éÖ¯ÌØÕ÷
ÔÚîѺϽðÌرðÊǦÁ+¦ÂË«ÏàîѺϽðÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔÊӲ쵽¸÷ʽ¸÷ÑùµÄ×éÖ¯¡£ÕâЩ×éÖ¯ÔÚÐÎò¡¢¾§Á£³ß´çºÍ¾§ÄڽṹÉϾù¸÷²»Ïàͬ£¬Ö÷Ҫȡ¾öÓںϽðÉí·Ö¡¢±äÐι¤ÒÕºÍÈÈ´¦ÀíÀú³Ì¡£Ò»°ãîѺϽðµÄ×éÖ¯ÓÐÁ½¸ö»ùÄÚÄ»£¬¼´¦ÁÏàºÍ¦ÂÏà¡£îѺϽðµÄÁ¦Ñ§ÐÔÄÜÔںܺéÁ÷ƽÉÏÈ¡¾öÓÚÕâÁ½¸öÏàµÄ±ÈÀý¡¢ÐÎ̬¡¢³ß´çºÍÂþÑÜ¡£îѺϽðµÄ×éÖ¯ÀàÐÍ»ù±¾ÉÏ¿É·ÖΪËÄ´óÀ࣬¼´ÎºÊÏ×éÖ¯(Ƭ²ã×éÖ¯)¡¢ÍøÀº×éÖ¯¡¢Ë«Ì¬×éÖ¯¼°µÈÖá×éÖ¯¡£Í¼3ΪîѺϽðÖÖÖֵ䷶×éÖ¯ÐÎòÌØÕ÷¡£±í1¸ø³öÁËTC4îѺϽðÔÚËÄÖֵ䷶×é֯״̬϶ÔÓ¦µÄºÏ½ðÐÔÄÜÖ¸±ê£¬¿É¼û²î±ð×é֯ϵÄÐÔÄܲî±ð½Ï´ó¡£
1.Ƭ²ã×éÖ¯
ÆäÌصãÊÇ´Ö´óµÄÔʼ¦Â¾§Á£ºÍÍêÕûµÄ¾§½ç¦ÁÏ࣬ÔÚÔʼ¦Â¾§Á£ÄÚÐγɳߴç½Ï´óµÄ¡°Êø¼¯¡±£¬Í¬Ò»¡°Êø¼¯¡±ÄÚÓн϶àµÄ¡£Æ¬Ï໥ƽÐУ¬³ÉͬһȡÏò£¬Èçͼ3(a)Ëùʾ¡£ÕâÖÖÏÔ΢×éÖ¯ÊǺϽðÔÚ¦ÂÏàÇø¼ÓÈȺóδ±äÐλò±äÐÎÁ¿²»´óµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬½ÏÂýµØ´Ó¦ÂÏàÇøÀäÈ´ÏÂÀ´ÐγɵÄ×éÖ¯¡£µ±ºÏ½ð¾ßÓÐÕâÖÖ×é֯ʱ£¬Æä¶ÏÁÑÈÍÐÔ¡¢³¤ÆÚºÍÈä±äÇ¿¶ÈºÃ£¬µ«ËÜÐÔ¡¢Æ£ÀÍÇ¿¶È¡¢¿¹È±¿ÚÃô¸ÐÐÔ¡¢ÈÈÎȶ¨ÐԺͿ¹ÈÈÓ¦Á¦¸¯»¯ÐԺܲËüÃÇËæ¦Á¡°Êø¼¯¡±µÄ¾ÞϸºÍ¾§½ç¦ÁµÄºñ¶È¶øÒ죬¦Á¡°Êø¼¯¡±±äС£¬¾§½ç¦Á±ä±¡£¬×ÛºÏÐÔÄܺÃת¡£
2.ÍøÀº×éÖ¯
ÆäÌصãÊÇÔʼ¦Â¾§Á£½çÏÞÔÚ±äÐÎÀú³ÌÖб»ÆÆ»µ£¬²»·ºÆð»ò½ö·ºÆðÉÙÁ¿ÊèÉ¢ÂþÑܵĿÅÁ£×´¾§½ç¦Á£¬Ôʼ¦Â¾§Á£ÄڵĦÁƬ±ä¶Ì£¬¦Á¡°Êø¼¯¡±³ß´ç½ÏС£¬¸÷Ƭ´Ô½»´íÅÅÁУ¬ÓÌÈç±àÖ¯ÍøÀº×´£¬Èçͼ3(b)Ëùʾ¡£µ±ºÏ½ðÔÚ¦ÂÏàÇø¼ÓÈÈ»ò¿ªÊ¼±äÐΣ¬»òÕßÔÚ(¦Á+¦Â)Ë«ÏàÇøµÄ±äÐÎÁ¿²»·ó´óʱһ°ã»áÐγÉÕâÖÖÏÔ΢×éÖ¯¡£Ï¸Ð¡µÄÍøÀº×éÖ¯²»µ«ÓнϺõÄËÜÐÔ¡¢¹¥»÷ÈÍÐÔ¡¢¶ÏÁÑÈÍÐԺ͸ßÖÜÆ£ÀÍÇ¿¶È£¬»¹¾ßÓнϺõÄÈÈÇ¿ÐÔ¡£
3.˫̬×éÖ¯
ÆäÌصãÊÇÔÚpת±ä×éÖ¯µÄ»ùÌåÉÏÂþÑÜÓл¥²»ÏàÁ¬µÄ³õÉú¦Á£¬µ«×ܺ¬Á¿²»Áè¼Ý50%£¬Èçͼ3(c)Ëùʾ¡£µ±îѺϽðÈȱäÐλòÈÈ´¦ÀíµÄ¼ÓÈÈζȵÍÓÚ¦Âת±äζȽÏÉÙʱ£¬Ò»°ã¿É»ñµÃ˫̬×éÖ¯¡£Ë«Ì¬×éÖ¯Ö¸×éÖ¯ÖеĦÁÏàÓÐÁ½ÖÖÐÎ̬£¬Ò»ÖÖΪµÈÖá×´µÄ³õÉú¦ÁÏà;ÁíÒ»ÖÖΪ¦Âת±ä×éÖ¯ÖеÄƬ״¦ÁÏ࣬Óë³õÉú¦ÁÏà¶ÔÓ¦£¬ÕâÖÖƬ״¡£ÏàÒà³ÆΪ´ÎÉú¦ÁÏà»ò¶þ´Î¦ÁÏà¡£µ±ºÏ½ðÔÚ(¦Á+¦Â)Ë«ÏàÇø½Ï¸ßζȺͽϴó±äÐÎʱ»áÐγÉÕâÖÖ×éÖ¯¡£
4.µÈÖá×éÖ¯
ÆäÌصãÊÇÔÚ¾ùÔÈÂþÑܵĺ¬Á¿Áè¼Ý50%µÄ³õÉú¦ÁÏà»ùÌåÉÏ£¬ÂþÑÜ×ÅÒ»¶¨ÃüÁ¿µÄת±ä¦Â×éÖ¯£¬Èçͼ3(d)Ëùʾ¡£îѺϽðµÄ±äÐμӹ¤ºÍÈÈ´¦ÀíÈ«²¿ÔÚ(¦Á+¦Â)Ë«ÏàÇø»ò¦ÁÏàÇø½øÐУ¬ÇÒ¼ÓÈÈζȵÍÓÚ¦Âת±äζȽ϶àʱ£¬Ò»°ã¿É»ñµÃµÈÖá×éÖ¯¡£Í¬ÆäËû×éÖ¯Ïà±È£¬ÕâÀà×éÖ¯µÄËÜÐÔ¡¢Æ£ÀÍÇ¿¶È¡¢¿¹È±¿ÚÃô¸ÐÐÔºÍÈÈÎȶ¨ÐԺ㬵«¶ÏÁÑÈÍÐÔ¡¢³¤ÆÚ¡¢Èä±äÇ¿¶È²îһЩ¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâÀà×éÖ¯ÓнϺõÄ×ÛºÏÐÔÄÜ£¬Ä¿Ç°½ÓÄÉ***¹ã·º¡£
ËÄ¡¢ÈÈ´¦Àí¹¤ÒÕ¶ÔîѺϽðÏÔ΢×éÖ¯ÑÝ»¯µÄÓ°Ïì
îѺϽðµÄÈÈ´¦Àí¹¤ÒÕÈçͼ4Ëùʾ¡£Ö÷Òª¿ØÖƵIJÎÊýÊǹÌÈÜζȡ¢¹ÌÈÜʱ¼ä¡¢ÀäÈ´·½·¨[°üÀ¨Ë®Àä(water quench£¬WQ)¡¢ÓÍÀä(oil quench£¬OQ)¡¢¿ÕÀä(air cooling£¬AC)ºÍ¯Àä(fumace cooling£¬FC)]¡¢Ê±Ð§Î¶ȺÍʱЧʱ¼ä¡£
1.¹ÌÈÜζȶÔTC21ºÏ½ðÏÔ΢×éÖ¯µÄÓ°Ïì
ͼ5ΪTC21ºÏ½ðÔÚ²î±ð¹ÌÈÜζÈϵÄÏÔ΢×éÖ¯¡£ÓÉͼ5¿ÉÖª£¬Ëæ׏ÌÈÜζȵÄÉý¸ß£¬¦ÁpÏàµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊý¼õÉÙ£¬µ±¹ÌÈÜζȸßÓÚT¦Âºó£¬¦ÁpÏàÏûʧ¡£ÔÚ940¡æ¹ÌÈÜ´¦Àí£¬ÓÉÓÚµÈÖá¦ÁpÏàµÄ×è°£¬¦Â¾§Á£µÄ¾§½ç±¬·¢ÍäÇú¹³ö£¬Èçͼ5(c)ÖеļýÍ·Ëùʾ¡£ÔÚ1000¡æ¹ÌÈÜ´¦Àí(>T¦Â)£¬¦ÁpÏàÏûʧ£¬ÓÉÓڦ¾§Á£¾§½çÒƶ¯µÄ×è°Ïûʧ£¬¦Â¾§Á£¼±¾ç³¤´ó£¬Æ½¾ùÖ±¾¶¿É´ï300¦Ìm×óÓÒ£¬Èçͼ5(d)Ëùʾ¡£
Óɴ˿ɼû£¬¹ÌÈÜζȶÔTC21ºÏ½ðµÄÏÔ΢×éÖ¯Ó°ÏìÏÔÖø¡£ÔÚ(¦Á+¦Â)Ë«ÏàÇø¹ÌÈÜʱ£¬¦ÁpÏàµÄ³ß´ç¡¢ÐÎ̬ÓëÂþÑܽ«Ö±½ÓÓ°Ïì×Ŧ¾§Á£µÄ³ß´ç¡£îѺϽðµÄ¡£¦ÁpÏàºÍ¦Â¾§Á£³ß´ç¶ÔºÏ½ðµÄÁ¦Ñ§ÐÔÄÜÆð×ÅÖÁ¹ØÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óá£ÎªÁËÖÆÖ¹¦Â¾§Á£µÄ¿ìËÙ³¤´ó£¬TC21ºÏ½ðµÄ¹ÌÈÜζÈӦѡÔñÔÚT¦ÂÒÔÏÂΪ¼Ñ£¬ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¾§Á£³ß´ç±È½ÏºÏÊÊ£¬²¢ÇÒÓɳõÉúÏàºÍ´ÎÉúÏà»ìÏýµÄ˫̬×éÖ¯¡£
2.¹ÌÈÜʱ¼ä¶ÔTC21ºÏ½ðÏÔ΢×éÖ¯µÄÓ°Ïì
ͼ6ΪTCIZºÏ½ð¹ÌÈÜ´¦Àí4h¿ÕÀäºóµÄÏÔ΢×éÖ¯¡£ÓÉͼ6Óëͼ5(a)ºÍ(b)¿ÉÖª£¬Ëæ׏ÌÈÜʱ¼äµÄÔö¼Ó£¬TC21ºÏ½ðÖÐapÏàµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýÒÔ¼°ÂþÑܼÍÂɲ¢Ã»Óб¬·¢ÏÔÖøµÄ±ä¸ï¡£Óɴ˿ɼû£¬µ±¹ÌÈÜ´¦ÀíµÖ´ïһ׼ʱ¼äÖ®ºó£¬TC21ºÏ½ðµÄÏÔ΢×éÖ¯¶Ô¹ÌÈÜ´¦Àíʱ¼ä²»Ãô¸Ð£¬Ö»ÊǹÌÈÜ´¦ÀíζȶԺϽðµÄ¹ÌÈÜ×éÖ¯Æðמö¶¨ÐÔµÄ×÷Óá£
3.ÀäÈ´·½·¨¶ÔTC21ºÏ½ðÏÔ΢×éÖ¯µÄÓ°Ïì
ͼ7ΪÀäÈ´·½·¨¶ÔTC21ºÏ½ðÏÔ΢×éÖ¯µÄÓ°Ïì¡£ÓÉͼ7¿ÉÖª£¬ÀäÈ´·½·¨¶ÔTC21ºÏ½ð¹ÌÈÜ´¦ÀíºóµÄÏÔ΢×éÖ¯Ó°ÏìÃ÷ÏÔ£¬ÔÚWQºÍOQÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÓÉÓÚÀäÈ´ËٶȽϿ죬ֻÓÐÑÇÎȦÂÐγɶøûÓЦÂTÐγɣ¬¶øÔÚACÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÓÐÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ¦ÂTÐγɣ»ÔÚWQºÍOQÌõ¼þÏ»ñµÃµÄ¦ÁpÏà³ß´ç±ÈACÌõ¼þÏ»ñµÃµÄ¦ÁpÏàÉÔСһЩ¡£´ËÖÖ²î±ðÊÇÓÉÓÚACµÄÀäÈ´ËٶȽÏÂý£¬ºÏ½ðÖеĦÁpÏàÔÚÀäÈ´Àú³ÌÖпÉÒԽϳä·ÖµÄ³¤´ó£¨Ôì³ÉACÌõ¼þϺϽðÖЦÁpÏຬÁ¿Ôö¼Ó²¢ÇÒ¾Û¼¯³¤´ó£©¡£¸ßÎÂϵĦÂÏàÔÚ½ÏÂýµÄÀäÈ´Àú³ÌÖÐÒ²¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ½Ï³ä·ÖµÄת±ä¶øÐγɦÂT¡£
4.ʱЧζȶÔTC21ºÏ½ð×éÖ¯µÄÓ°Ïì
ͼ8ΪTC21ºÏ½ðÔÚ500¡æºÍ600¡æʱЧµÄ×éÖ¯ÕÕƬ¡£ÓÉͼ8¿ÉÖª£¬ºÏ½ðʱЧºóµÄ×éÖ¯×é³ÉΪ¦ÁpÏà+¦ÂTÏà¡£ËæʱЧµÄ½øÐУ¬´ÎÉú¦ÁÏ౬·¢³¤´óºÏ²¢;Ëæ×ÅʱЧζȵÄÉý¸ß£¬´ÎÉúµÄ¦ÁÏàÖð½¥Ôö¶à¡£Èçͼ8(a)¡¢(b)ºÍ(c)Ëùʾ£¬ÔÚ500¡æʱЧ£¬ÓÉÓÚʱЧζÈÆ«µÍ£¬¹ÌÈÜ´¦Àí»ñµÃµÄÑÇÎȦÂÔÚʱЧÀú³ÌÖÐȱ·¦ÆÊÎöµÄÇý¶¯Á¦£¬ÐγɵĴÎÉúÏà±È½ÏÉÙ¡£
5.ʱЧʱ¼ä¶ÔTC21ºÏ½ð×éÖ¯µÄÓ°Ïì
ͼ9ΪTC12ºÏ½ðÔÚ550¡æʱЧ²î±ðʱ¼äµÄ×éÖ¯ÕÕƬ¡£ÓÉͼ9¿ÉÖª£¬ËæʱЧʱ¼äµÄÑÓ³¤£¬¦ÂT²»¾øÔö¶à£¬¶ø¦ÁpÏàµÄ³ß´çδ¼ûÃ÷ÏԵıä¸ï£¬Ö»ÊÇ·ºÆðÁ˺ϲ¢³¤´óÏÖÏ󣬳ߴç½Ï´óµÄ´ÎÉúÌõ×´¦ÁÏàÒ²·ºÆðÁ˺ϲ¢³¤´óÏÖÏó¡£
6.ÈÈ´¦Àí¶Ôµä·¶îѺϽðÏÔ΢×éÖ¯µÄÓ°Ïì
ͨ¹ý¿ØÖÆTC12ºÏ½ðºÍTi60ºÏ½ðµÄÈÈ´¦Àí¹¤ÒÕÌõ¼þ£¬»ñµÃÁË LM×éÖ¯(lamellar microstructure£¬LM)ºÍ˫̬×éÖ¯(bimodal microstructure£¬BM)Á½´óÀ࣬Èçͼ10Ëùʾ¡£
ÓÉͼ10(d)ºÍ(e)¿ÉÖª£¬Ti600ºÏ½ð¹ÌÈÜζÈÑ¡ÔñÔÚTb(l010¡æ)ÒÔÉϺÍÒÔÏ»®·Ö¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃLM×éÖ¯ºÍBM×éÖ¯¡£LM×éÖ¯µÄƬ²ãºñ¶ÈΪ2~3¦Ìm£»BM×éÖ¯ÖЦÁpÏàµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýԼΪ20%£¬Æäƽ¾ùÖ±¾¶Ô¼Îª15¦Ìm¡£
ͼ10(f)ΪBM×éÖ¯Ti600ºÏ½ðÔÚ600¡æÈÈ̻¶(thermal exposure , TE) 100hºóµÄÏÔ΢×éÖ¯¡£½ö´Óͼ10(e)ºÍ(f)ËùʾµÄÏÔ΢×éÖ¯²¢²»¿ÉÇø·Ö³öBM×éÖ¯ºÍBM +TE×éÖ¯µÄ²î±ð¡£¸ßÎÂîѺϽðÔÚºã¾ÃʱЧ»òÈÈ̻¶µÄÀú³ÌÖУ¬Æ主º¬AlµÄ¦ÁpÏàÖÐÈÝÒ×Îö³ö¦Á2 (Ti3Al)Ïࡣͨ¹ý͸Éäµç¾µÊÓ²ì¿ÉÖª£¬¦Á2ÏàÔÚÈÈ̻¶ºóBM×éÖ¯Ti600ºÏ½ðµÄ¦ÁpÏàÖб»·¢Ã÷£¬Èçͼ11Ëùʾ¡£
À´Ô´£º²ÄÒ×ͨ
ÃâÔðÉùÃ÷£º±¾Õ¾²¿·ÖͼƬºÍÎÄ×ÖÀ´Ô´ÓÚÍøÂçÊÕ¼¯ÕûÀí£¬½ö¹©Ñ§Ï°½»Á÷£¬°æȨ¹éÔ×÷ÕßËùÓУ¬²¢²»´ú±íÎÒÕ¾¿´·¨¡£±¾Õ¾½«²»µ£¸ºµ±ºÎÖ´·¨ÔðÈΣ¬Èç¹ûÓÐÇÖ·¸µ½ÄúµÄȨÀû£¬ÇëʵʱÁªÏµ¿·¢Ò»´¥¼´·¢É¾³ý¡£